Archive for the ‘Economic Downturn’ Category

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7 Steps to Making the Most out of Market Research in a Recession

Thursday, July 30th, 2009


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Following yesterdays post on ‘Market Research In A Recession’ is today’s post detailing the seven steps to minimize the impact of reduced market research spending. These steps from John Quelch (a professor at Harvard Business School) confirm a lot of what we have learnt in business to business markets over the last few months:

  1. Stay focused. Savvy marketers focus their research on the products, brands, and markets that are key to their marketing strategy. In a recession, it’s essential to get a clear read on existing core customers, including those who are most loyal to the brand and those who are most profitable, rather than fritter away research resources on potential or peripheral customers. When times are good, there is budget available for increased research on secondary products or customers. Now, nice-to-knows that are not essential will have to wait.
  2. Enlist trusted research partners. Marketers and research suppliers who trust each other and have established long-term relationships can jointly plan how to extract more insights and make better decisions based on fewer expenditures. For example, combining data sets may reveal new leading indicators of changes in customer behavior. Tracking studies may have an edge over one-off projects. CMOs who trim costs by consolidating their budgets with an integrated research supplier should insist that the supplier aggressively explore synergies across its various component agencies as well as eliminate research redundancies.
  3. Value experience and judgment. CMOs should tap the knowledge and intuitions of managers and researchers who’ve lived through previous recessions. In setting prices, for example, such insight can help calibrate the optimal level of price promotion offers. Experience also reveals proxies: in tough times, some marketers use research results from Sweden as a proxy for Scandinavia, rather than conducting the same research in all Scandinavian countries.
  4. Seize opportunities overseas. Some large multinational marketers, such as Unilever, are shifting market research expenditures away from Western Europe and toward emerging markets in Asia and Latin America. Relative to the developed economies, the costs of research in emerging economies are less and the payoff from incremental insight can often be greater. Brand preferences and consumption levels in emerging markets such as China, India and Brazil tend to be more fluid. Customer research is therefore critical to aid marketers trying to cement brand preferences early on as these economies develop.
  5. Use online market research with a dash of skepticism. Online research is cheap, fast, and the wave of the future. Tools like SurveyMonkey allow non-expert users to create custom surveys in minutes. As an alternative to offline focus groups, custom online panels  can be formed for qualitative research on new product ideas or new ads. Taking the do-it-yourself approach rather than outsourcing to a market research firm is attractive in a cost-cutting era, but you risk getting no more than what you pay for. The opinions of convenience sample of an enthusiastic online brand community may not represent all users.
  6. Don’t cut market research across the board. Just as important as knowing where to cut research is knowing where not to cut. When marketers are creating fewer new ads and introducing fewer new products, it is doubly important to use rigorous pretesting to select the strongest alternatives. In categories where the bases for customers’ value judgments are changing, modest expenditures on copy research can prevent blowing much more money on ineffective messaging. Adding a few questions to standard tracking studies is a low-cost way to shed light on changes in customer attitudes and purchase behavior. For key products, running conjoint studies to check on shifts in price elasticities of demand and price-attribute tradeoffs can usefully improve the profitability of pricing decisions at a time when cash is king.
  7. Keep an eye on the new customer. No one has a perfect record of predicting the future, and the recession is making it harder for customers to envision or articulate their needs. Even so, and despite budget pressures, smart marketers devote a portion of their market research to getting a handle on future changes in customer behavior. Are customers of your brand going to revert to previous consumption patterns when the recession ends? Or are they developing coping mechanisms that will endure, especially if the recession is lengthy? What new products and services will customers be open to embracing? If, as in the financial services category, customer confidence and trust in brands have been seriously eroded, how long and what steps will it take to regain them? Eventually, the recession will end, and future success depends on being well-positioned, based on sound research, when it does.

To view the latest marketing strategies of large multi-national corporates in a recession, click here.

Original article viewed at http://blogs.harvardbusiness.org/



Recession Clouds May Be Lifting

Tuesday, July 7th, 2009


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The Chartered Institute of Marketing’s latest Marketing Trends survey shows hints of increasing business confidence among UK marketers.

While 72% of the 1,223 marketers surveyed still do not think that the UK will completely pull out of recession by the end of this year, the number of respondents believing the situation will worsen over the next year halved – to 34% – compared to the last Marketing Trends survey conducted in autumn 2008.  35% expect business to improve throughout 2009, and more than a quarter (26%) believes the UK economy will improve over the next 12 months, a figure that compares favourably to just 11% in the previous survey.

However, almost a third of respondents are concerned over losing their jobs in the next 12 months and 18% of self-employed marketers worry that the recession may force them to close their business this year.  Nevertheless, while 2009 is still anticipated to be a tough year overall, there are definite signs that British marketers believe the worst may soon be over.

Backing this belief, a survey of global marketers recently carried out by B2B International showed almost half of the respondents (47%) to be feeling optimistic about their own organisation’s prospects over the coming year.

Meanwhile, the latest Business Trends report by accounting firm BDO Stoy Hayward LLP shows that UK businesses expect the pace of economic decline to slow markedly over the next quarter, supporting the UK Chancellor’s predictions of a recovery starting in Q4 2009.



Beware all premium brands!

Tuesday, June 23rd, 2009


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Received wisdom has always suggested that strong brands will withstand a recession. The argument goes that in a recession there is a flight to safety and strong brands represent safety.

An interesting study carried out amongst consumers in the US suggests exactly the opposite. A half of all the people who had previously been loyal to a brand appear to have reduced their loyalty or defected during 2008. They are switching to the value brands offered by major supermarkets.

This raises the question, “will the same thing happen in business to business markets?”.

There is a possibility that it will not – at least not in quite the same way. Supermarket brands have now become some of the most trusted in their own right.  For a number of years there has been a general migration to supermarket brands as people have recognised that the products in the supermarket packaging are quite probably made by the same companies that make premium brand products that cost 30% more.

Things are slightly different in industrial markets. The closest you get to the “supermarket brand” in industrial markets is usually referred to as a generic brand, a Chinese brand, an Eastern European brand etc. In fact, the word “reputation” is used just as often as brand.

However, it would be foolish and naive to think that business to business buyers and specifiers are slavishly buying products from their favoured suppliers at any price, without looking around. In the heady days before the recession it was not untypical to research a market and find that only 20% of companies were “price buyers”.  Today it would be unusual to find less than 30% price buyers in any business to business market. The shift to value is occurring everywhere.

Brands left to ponder price of loyalty

By Andrew Edgecliffe-Johnson in New York
Published: June 22 2009 03:00

Big brands’ best customers have been defecting in droves since the beginning of the US recession, according to a study. By this year, more than half of a typical US brand’s most loyal shoppers in 2007 had switched to rival products.

A two-year analysis of 685 grocery and pharmacy-stocked brands, using data from 32m consumers’ supermarket loyalty cards, found that in 2008 the average brand lost a third of its formerly highly loyal customers.

The study will alarm packaged goods groups, as the most loyal customers – those choosing one brand for more than 70 per cent of their purchases in a category – should also be their most lucrative.

"Defection is top of mind for brand managers now because they’re the most profitable customers," said Eric Anderson, associate professor of marketing at Kellogg School of Management, Northwestern University.

"Price and promotion have become so salient at retail, that what we thought was the loyal customer can be moved with discounts," he added.

Past recessions have seen similar defections from top-tier national brands to stores’ private-label goods, Mr Anderson said. Academic research showed that customers could be quickly persuaded to switch by a cheaper price but took far longer to switch back.

The study was conducted by the CMO Council, which represents chief marketing officers, and Catalina Marketing’s Pointer Media Network, which has equipment in 25,000 stores analysing buying behaviour.

Catalina can provide a two-year anonymous purchasing history on individual customers. Brand managers and retailers who had seen the data had been startled by it, said Todd Morris, senior vice-president at Catalina.

"They’ve always known there was churn but could never put their finger on how big the issue is."

The study comes as marketers are leaning more heavily on research and on targeted advertising, as they seek to improve on the "spray and pray" approach of mass media marketing formats, such as 30-second television advertisements.

The Financial Times Limited 2009



Increasing Sales In Challenging Times, part 1 of 3

Tuesday, March 31st, 2009


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The American Marketing Association’s flagship publication, Marketing News, recently ran an article entitled ‘Look Farther Afield, which described how research should answer certain questions for marketers hoping to expand into new markets.  This feature was contributed by B2B International’s very own Julia Cupman.  Julia’s full original article is serialized over our next 3 blog entries:

The recent economic turmoil involving long established financial pillars has had a resounding impact on business.  Many companies have experienced declining sales and confidence in the economy is dwindling.  Numerous economists are claiming that it is the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression, but while the seriousness and consequences of the problem cannot be denied, it is only an economic stymie if businesses allow themselves to lose confidence and focus.

The fear invoked by the Wall Street tremors has led to a fierce slashing of budgets, in particular marketing budgets.  Why are marketers feeling the pinch with decreased spending power when it is such a crucial time to understand customers’ requirements and meet their needs before they potentially defect?  Indeed, just a 5% reduction in the rate of customer churn can increase profits by as much as 85%. 

Given that most businesses lose around half of their customers every five years, it is frightening to think how many customers have been lost in the past few months alone as a result of the faltering economy.  The case is already clear: do nothing, and suffer.

The drive towards lower costs and consequently lower prices is increasingly resulting in the substitution of value with low price – an area where not everyone can compete as profit margins are squeezed dry.  In fact, a company that seeks refuge in cutting its prices may fatally delineate its own downfall as it could devalue its offering and denigrate its brand.  It is thus paramount that in times of a weak economy, businesses seek proactive means of remaining competitive, and cutting prices may not be the answer.  This begs the question as to what companies – especially their marketers – can do to give their business a welcome lift in times when the only direction appears to be downward.

Sell more

This may seem absurd when it is challenging to simply retain customers and to ensure that turnover and profits do not slip.  So how can selling more be possible, and in what way is it a panacea?

It is necessary to think outside the box.  With sell more, think sell elsewhere, think sell farther afield, think new opportunities.  Of course entering new markets is not appropriate for all companies, but it is an option that many companies could consider, particularly if they are faced with stagnating demand domestically.

Thus, if growth is not occurring locally, chase it internationally.  The growth forecast for China next year, for example, stands at 9.5%, contrary to 1.8% for the EU.  Indeed the BRIC countries (Brazil, Russia, India and China) offer a plethora of opportunities as labor is often cheap and readily available, investment is increasing and the prospects look good.  Consider Russia and the helicopter industry, for instance.  AgustaWestland is currently researching the opportunities in Russia, and Textron Bell has just signed up a new sales representative (Jet Transfer) in Russia which has committed to sales valued at over US$10 million.  These two players have recognized an unmet need and a clear opportunity, as only half of Russia’s civil helicopters are in flyable condition and domestic production is limited.

This article, which goes on to describe many of the questions that marketers should ask in order to explore, scope and define market expansion opportunities, continues tomorrow.



Darwin And The Recession

Friday, March 13th, 2009


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In today’s Thursday Night Insight, Paul Hague puts forward his argument that the recession could be responsible for bringing about a return to ‘traditional values’

Have you noticed an increasing sloppiness in our business attire over the last decade?  I am thinking here of the way we dress, the way we speak and the way we communicate.  Of course, our forefathers would say that there is nothing new in this.  Every generation claims that standards are slipping compared with the previous ones.

I’m not sure I fully subscribe to this.  Just because somebody wears a Trilby hat rather than an ostrich plumed cavalier hat, doesn’t mean that we are moving backwards.  I am thinking about the way we dress for work.  The initial concession of “dress down Friday” gave way to the abandonment of the tie on every day of the week.  ”Smart casual” became “straight out of the garden casual”.

A similar and parallel trend has taken place in our writing.  We dash off e-mails without taking care of either the grammar or spelling.  Blackberries encourage a curtness of communication verging on sheer rudeness.  Text messages have created an interesting but new language which, for some of us, takes longer to decipher and create than the good old English we grew up with.

However, the worm looks as if it might be turning and I think that it is the recession we have to thank.  Have you noticed that the tie and suit is making a return?  Do you get more e-mails which begin “Dear” rather than “Hi”?  Are the comma, colon and semi-colon getting a new lease of life?  And, if this is so, why should it be?

The only explanation I have is that the boom times of the last 10 years created a cockiness which justified the more relaxed way of working.  Claims that informal business practices were breaking down barriers, increasing creativity, and improving efficiency were hard to deny as the profits rolled in.

In the yin and yang of life – that delicate balance between good and bad, sloppiness and perfection – we can all be guilty of sliding down the route of least resistance.  Dress codes, forms of address, written notes have all suffered.  And now as the economy tightens, we suddenly feel we can’t leave anything to chance.  When visiting a potential client, some small gremlin at the back of my mind advises me to wear a crisp white shirt, pick out a red tie and don my navy blue suit because I have known for years that it engenders confidence in both the wearer and the observer.  My notes to clients have increased in their frequency and I try to improve on my accuracy.

Perhaps we will see this trend gather momentum so that it isn’t just the things I have been talking about that will change.  I predict there will be less automated phone answering systems and more real people to talk to.  Perhaps there will be genuine improvements made to services as people fight for every inch of business by trying harder.  I am not enjoying this recession at all but I can see it is whipping me into shape.  It must be doing the same to others.  Darwin would have had great fun if he was alive today watching his principles work out in business.



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